In context: While the entire technology world is focused on generative AI and its alleged capabilities to destroy the economy and the job market, researchers are employing neural networks to tackle challenges in science, energy, health and security, such as detection of rogue nuclear weapons. PNNL, which is one of the United States Department of Energy national laboratories, said that ML is everywhere now, and that it can be used to create "secure, trustworthy, science-based systems" designed to give people and nations answers to different kinds of difficult scientific challenges. Another ML-powered solution designed in PNNL labs can process images of radioactive material through an "autoencoder" model, which can be trained to "compress and decompress images" into small descriptions that are useful for computational analysis