Judge Ethan Schulman in San Francisco Superior Court said California sufficiently alleged that Amazon's policies "have had the anticompetitive effect of raising prices on competing retail marketplaces as well as on third-party sellers' own websites. Amazon has said the challenged policies affected only a tiny amount of commerce, and were actually "procompetitive" because it could offer products that might otherwise be unprofitable and facilitate discounting "to meet or beat the competition. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays