Some researchers are driven by the quest to improve a specific product, like a battery or a semiconductor. In response, Macfarlane’s mother, a former school teacher, encouraged him to enroll in the science education classes that would be offered to students a year older than him, so he wouldn’t miss the chance to take them. Working on such fundamental problems excites Macfarlane, and the possibilities coming from his work will only grow as his team continues to make advances