General-purpose quantum computers will be able to crack the codes that protect much of the world’s information, and while these machines don’t exist yet, security experts say governments and businesses are starting to prepare for encryption in a post-quantum world.“The design, implementation, validation, and adoption of new cryptographic algorithms is a slow and painful process.” Fig 1: NIST plans to finalize post-quantum crytopgraphy standards in 2024, but it could take between five and 15 years after that for the industry to fully adopt those standards.“While the standardization effort is still ongoing, there is a large spectrum of candidate algorithms, some of which may be broken before or after being standardized, and knowing that a migration to a post quantum safe world will be much more complex than transitions witnessed in the past.” However, there are paths forward.With regard to public keys, traditional and post-quantum cryptography algorithms will have to coexist for a while.However, just like today’s algorithms, hardware acceleration and hardware implementations are required for post-quantum cryptography to meet the performance and security targets.” Concurrently, George Wall, director of product marketing for Tensilica Xtensa processor IP at Cadence, said it is imperative for SoC designers to think about quantum security at the hardware architecture level."