PyTorch has become a foundational component of AI technology, thanks in large part to knowledge-sharing exchanges like the one between Wu and Chintala that happen every day.“I’m definitely surprised at how much [of the] general global considerations you would have from a business angle don’t really come in when you’re talking about open-source collaboration, especially with AI,” Chintala told Protocol in September when Facebook parent company Meta handed over PyTorch to the nonprofit open-source software consortium Linux Foundation.I just don’t think it would have been possible,” said Kevin Goldsmith, chief technology officer at Anaconda, a company that provides software tools based on the Python programming language — considered the lingua franca of AI — along with other open-source components used to build machine learning and AI-based projects.However, as the U.S. government makes drastic moves to stall China’s AI progress, broad restrictions on technical components of AI could have unintended consequences affecting global AI research and business.It recognized TensorFlow and PyTorch as a “duopoly” among “foreign” AI frameworks that “provide ecosystem-level output capabilities for Chinese AI applications.” It also recognized the growth of homegrown frameworks such as PaddlePaddle and MindSpore."