“We expect the consequences to be significant,” says Gerard de Graaf, a veteran EU official who helped pass the DMA early this year.“If you have an iPhone, you should be able to download apps not just from the App Store but from other app stores or from the internet,” de Graaf says, in a conference room with emerald green accents at the Irish consulate in San Francisco, where the EU’s office is initially located.De Graaf has predicted a wave of lawsuits challenging Europe’s new rules for Big Tech, but says he is in California to help make clear to Silicon Valley giants that the rules have changed.“You may not like it, but that’s the way it is.”Like the EU’s digital privacy law, GDPR, the DMA is expected to lead to changes in how tech platforms serve people beyond the EU’s 400 million internet users, because some details of compliance will be more easily implemented globally.Tech companies will also soon have to grapple with a second sweeping EU law, the Digital Services Act, which requires risk assessments of some algorithms and disclosures about automated decision making, and could force social apps like TikTok to open their data to outside scrutiny."